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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: MACHINE IN LEGAL PROFESSION WITH EFFECTING OTHER ESSENTIAL ZONE
AUTHORED BY - PRIYADARSHINI RAWAT
Ad hoc faculty (Bareilly College, Bareilly)
Artificial Intelligence is a machine or robot which thinks and can perform like a human sensory. In today’s world, it has grown to be very popular as it is spreading its roots in different areas by utilizing the idea of making computers study and handle the multifaceted tasks that formerly required human intelligence.
The main reason behind the development of artificial intelligence is the need and requirement for mechanisation in this high paced life of people as it is impacting our lives in a positive manner. On the other hand, the Indian legal system has seen a very slight improvement in terms of technology as lawyers are still comfortable in relying on their old methods. So, basically, this article deals with artificial intelligence and how it is being used by law firms, advocates and people and companies who are governed by the law. It covers the relationship between artificial intelligence and law in education, research and innovation practices.
Artificial intelligence is a computer or robots that are capable of doing all the tasks that require human intelligence. It helps people by freeing them from their routine tasks. It matches human-level thinking and allows people to concentrate more on tasks that can’t be done by computers.
It has both positive and negative impact on people as it helps in doing our work efficiently and effectively but on the other hand, it can literally seize the employment of thousands of people.
A combination of the concept of artificial intelligence along with law involves the use of computer and mathematical techniques to make the law more logical, convenient, helpful, handy, or predictable.
Artificial intelligence brings the skill to search for concepts like contract review and analysis for due diligence, to recognize changes in tone of email communications, even to draft where the computer understands what needs to be drafted and prepares the document.
The legal profession in India is quite manual and traditional. Senior advocates are lesser aware about the use of the concept of artificial intelligence in law. No doubt that they are now using laptops/computers instead of typewriters, or using online websites for legal research work (like Manupatra and SCC online) in place of books, or sending mail through fax machines, they have always been transformative. However, it is also true that people take some time to adapt new technologies.
It is also a fact, some lawyers are changing their attention towards artificial intelligence as it has the capabilities to change the manner in which law firms and lawyers are currently operating. But at the present, artificial intelligence is at its initial stage in India and it will take some time for its proper implementation.
Many IT companies which are dealing in artificial intelligence and law, have always been looking out for ways to expand technology for providing enhanced speed and accuracy in the legal profession. So, even common people can easily get access to justice in a timely manner with the help of AI.
In India, artificial intelligence is finding ways to improve the quality of work. As practised, computers and robots are not able to replace the lawyer’s role in court but it has the power to do research work and to draft a document. The office role of lawyers might be reduced to a great extent. As the tools developed through artificial intelligence helps in drafting various legal documents, finding case laws, listed judgments and managing files too.
The Indian legal system is extremely large and our constitution is lengthiest in a written form. A lawyer would want to try to do multiple tasks like drafting a document and physically attending to their clients. So, with the use of Artificial intelligence, advocates will get their work done in seconds.
Advantages of artificial intelligence for law professionals
It is presumed that artificial intelligence has an excellent scope because there are many fields in which it is helpful. Such as below:
Due diligence
It is a method that involves a long number of operating hours as litigators are required to review multiple documents. It includes contract review, legal research, electronic discovery and it is very difficult to organize and convert them in a small amount of time. So with artificial intelligence technology, the tiresome work can be done easily.
Research works are very complex in nature and it requires long man-hours and their attention. Thus, by artificial intelligence technology, the law researchers can complete their work effectively and efficiently in a minute as it provides relevant material in only one click. The legal research will be optimized by this and lawyers can get enough time for specializing in legal analysis, negotiation and strategy instead of spending time on daily routine tasks as computers are capable of doing the tasks far earlier than even the foremost trained human.
Time saving
There is no doubt that case filing requires a particular time which includes lots of documentation by the advocates in the court. With the help of AI this would be reduced and file in a proper time limit so that advocates time does not get effected to filing the documentation.
Supreme Court Justice DY Chandrachud suggested the Gujarat government incorporate Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms to better predict outcomes in certain types of cases such as land acquisition-related cases and motor accident claims. Such algorithms, he added, can also aid the judiciary in identifying frivolous litigation and in turn improve productivity.
Virtually inaugurating the ‘Justice Clock’ and electronic payment of court fees – two new digital initiatives of the Gujarat High Court Monday, he further acknowledged that judges have been “oblivious to the demands of time” and technology has reminded the value of time.[1]
China has a civil law system that uses case law to determine the outcome of trials. With just 120,000 judges to deal with 19 million cases a year, it is little wonder the legal system is turning to AI, law firm Norton Rose Fulbright says.
The Supreme People’s Court has asked local courts to take advantage of big data, cloud computing, neural networks and machine learning. It wants to build technology-friendly judicial systems and explore the use of big data and AI to help judges and litigants resolve cases.
An application named Intelligent Trial 1.0 is already reducing judges’ workloads by helping sift through material and producing electronic court files and case material.
But the emphasis is still on helping – rather than replacing – judges, barristers and lawyers.
“The application of artificial intelligence in the judicial realm can provide judges with splendid resources, but it can’t take the place of the judges’ expertise,” said Zhou Qiang, the head of the Supreme People’s Court, who advocates smart systems.[2]
AI was introduced in the 1950s and since then it has made remarkable progress in various fields. From Alexa to Smart driven cars AI has made life easy for human beings. Some of the areas where AI can be prominently seen are as follows:
John McCarthy invented the term Artificial Intelligence in the year 1950. He said, ‘Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it. An attempt will be made to find how to make machines use language, form abstractions, and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves[3].’
Given the fact that AI has foot stepped in almost all walks of life, legal domain is no exception. Such introduction of technological advancement will aid the lawyers in conducting legal research in an efficient and timely manner. Further by adopting AI lawyers and firms will be able to focus more on advising their clients and taking up complex issues/cases. Additionally, this software has the capability to minimise the paperwork to a major extent and is competent enough to store huge data and manage the same with great efficiency.
In recent times itself, an American law firm has hired a robot called ROSS to assist their teams in legal research. This robot is built upon Watson, IBM's cognitive computer (a question answering computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language) and with the support of Watson's cognitive computing and natural language processing capabilities, lawyers can ask ROSS their research related questions.[4]
Not seen only in legal area, the use of Artificial Intelligence has been enhanced wider, that it can seen in many other required fields where eventually needed by seeing emergency circumstances like hospitals during surgery and the cases arisen during pandemic, this would be boon for the medical field.
John McCarthy invented the term Artificial Intelligence in the year 1950. He said, ‘Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it. An attempt will be made to find how to make machines use language, form abstractions, and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves.’
In 2018, Ministry of Health and Prevention provided Al Qasimi Hospital with a new robotic device to conduct complicated catheterisation and cardiac surgeries. Its benefits include 99.1 per cent clinical success in complex cases, 95 per cent reduction in radiation exposure to the primary operator in addition to speed and accuracy in fixing the stent[5].
Robotic Surgeries in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
In April 2019, Ministry of Health and Prevention launched the Robotic Surgeries Programme in Gynaecology and Obstetrics. The launch comes in the wake of the successful use of the robot in heart surgeries, due to its capability of accessing the most complicated parts in the human body, besides its high accuracy because of the firmness of the robotic arm during the surgery.
techniques like machine learning and deep learning, computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. When put to work, these techniques translate into real, tangible benefits. Natural language processing automatically extracts relevant information from intelligence sources and makes connections, enabling analysts to find actionable insights. Failure rate predictions help ensure military equipment is well maintained and ready to deploy when needed. Cyber anomaly detection can revolutionize cybersecurity strategies in government systems. The possibilities are endless and yet only beginning to take shape[6].
Automate Routine Tasks
The human workforce cannot manually process large amounts of data, particularly the massive sets collected by the military, aerospace, and other government sectors. But AI completes time-consuming and tedious tasks quickly and accurately. Machine learning and deep learning in particular excel at tasks that are clearly defined, involve massive amounts of data, and require extensive repetition. By automating simple, well-defined tasks, AI streamlines operations and augments the workforce. Employees can then spend more time on decisions that require human input. For example, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) uses a computer-generated virtual assistant named Emma to answer questions and direct individuals to the right area of the website. But a human can better explain USCIS decisions and coach an individual on next steps.
Perform Mission-Critical Tasks
In government agencies like the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), AI can support critical capabilities. These include improving situational awareness and decision-making; increasing the safety of equipment like aircraft, ships, and vehicles in dangerous situations; and predicting when critical parts will fail, automating diagnosis, and planning maintenance. AI also helps improve the nautical, terrain, and aeronautical charting vital missions, helping enable safe and precise navigation and better surveillance. There is not far away a day when Indian forces use AI for improving task related management and advancement of equipments.
Advance Research and Development
The combination of AI, high performance computing (HPC), and analytics powers research in medicine, genomics, engineering, seismology, astrophysics, and many other areas. Government-funded research is especially poised to benefit from AI techniques in academia and the private sector. For example, AI algorithms enable faster and cheaper predictions of 3D protein structures from sequences of amino acids. This knowledge may help researchers better understand diseases and design drugs to treat them.
Artificial intelligence clearly holds many possibilities, but IT professionals and other users should be cautious of a plethora of risks, such as job displacement. “It will have a huge economic impact but also change society, and it’s hard to make strong predictions, but clearly job markets will be affected,” said Yoshua Bengio, a professor at the University of Montreal, and head of the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms.
To keep up with the AI market, companies playing a key role in shaping the future of AI. As artificial intelligence has become a growing force in business, today’s top AI companies are leaders in this emerging technology. Artificial Intelligence will be work for the people or may be against too as it is a risk which will remain exists with use of Artificial Intelligence. But it is pretty much sure technology will help the save time and make the work advanced and proper in time with no human error. Job replacement by machine is definitely a negative point of using but skill to regulate these machines and maintenance of it requires aging human intervention. This is a naked fact a man made machine not a machine made man.
[1] https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/justice-chandrachud-to-state-govt-leverage-ai-in-judiciary-7728783/lite/
[2] https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/observer/articles/2017/detail/could-an-ai-ever-replace-a-judge-in-court
[3] towardsscience.com
[4] www.mondaq.com
[5] https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/digital-uae/robotics-and-ai-applications
[6] https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/digital-uae/robotics-and-ai-applications
