[1] Research Scholar at Banaras Hindu University Faculty of law, Varanasi

[2] Assistant Professor at Banaras Hindu University, Faculty of law, Varanasi

[3] Nigel Warburton, Free Speech: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2009); Soroush Vosoughi, Deb Roy, and Sinan Aral, “The Spread of True and False News Online,” Science 359, no.

[4] Evan Malmgren, “Don’t Feed the Trolls,” Dissent Magazine (Spring 2017), https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/dont-feed-the-trolls-alt-right-culture-4chan; George Hawley, Making Sense of the AltRight (Columbia University Press, 2017).

[5] How Can Social Media Firms Tackle Hate Speech? - Knowledge at Wharton. https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/podcast/knowledge-at-wharton-podcast/can-social-media-firms-tackle-hate-speech/

[6] How Can Social Media Firms Tackle Hate Speech? - Knowledge at Wharton. https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/podcast/knowledge-at-wharton-podcast/can-social-media-firms-tackle-hate-speech/

[7] Why is Facebook Tweaking its Community Standards? - ToolsMetric. https://toolsmetric.com/blog/why-is-facebook-tweaking-its-community-standards-find-out-how-it-will-provide-clarity-on-satirical-conte/

[8] A report last year by the center for investigative reporting.

[9] Countering Online Hate Speech 3 - PDFCOFFEE.COM. https://pdfcoffee.com/countering-online-hate-speech-3-pdf-free.html

[10] Paris Declaration on MIL in the Digital Era. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-andinformation/resources/news-and-in-focus-articles/in-focus-articles/2014/paris-declaration-on-mediaand-information-literacy-adopted/

[11] Interview: Laura Geraghty, No Hate Speech Movement, 25 November 2014.

[12] No Hate Speech Movement, No Hate Ninja Project - A Story About Cats, Unicorns and Hate Speech. Available online at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kp7ww3KvccE

[13] MediaSmarts, Facing online hate. Available online at: http://mediasmarts.ca/tutorial/facing-online-hatetutoria

[14] In Other Words Project, Toolbox. Available online at: http://www.inotherwords-project.eu/sites/default/ files/Toolbox.pdf

[15] Aileen Donegan, “Debate 2: ‘Hate speech is more than free speech’”, No HAte Speech Movement Forum, 17 October 2013, http://forum.nohatespeechmovement.org/discussion/6/debate-2-hate-speech-ismore-than-free-speech/p1

[16] No Hate Speech Movement, Follow-Up Group, Fifth Meeting. Available online at: http://nohate.ext.coe. int/The-Campaign/Follow-Up-Group-of-the-Joint-Council-on-Youth2