A STUDY ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST MEN IN INDIA

 

AUTHORED BY: VINOTH .H[1]

Saveetha School of Law

Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University

Chennai-600077

EMail Id:vinothreddy45@gmail.com Ph:9884041588

 

CO-AUTHOR: VIJAYA DHARSHINI.V[2]

Saveetha School of Law

Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University

Chennai-600077

Mail Id:vijayadharshini34l@gmail.com Ph:6384800151

 

 

 

ABSTRACT:

Without any fundamental information, with more men coming upand detailing savagery by ladies, it is essential to comprehend and look at the issue of brutality against men by ladies and associated factors. With changing sexual orientation jobs and power relations,the creator predicts that this will increment later on, which will have expansive outcomes and suggestions for the bigger society and connections among people. The paper endeavors to comprehend the elements and variables that play or will assume a vital job in heightening brutality against men by women.The paper depends on creators directing sessions, exchange withmen casualties of savagery, and other auxiliary sources. Men do report and charge spousal savagery in private, however they barely reportit in broad daylight. Viciousness against men by ladies is certainly not another phenomenon,and the creator predicts that it will increment with changing force dynamics,economic freedom, and command over economy and assets. ladies have languished over hundreds of years. Does This steady change in power prompt fit society for the larger society, state or take an invert course, for example, viciousness against men by ladies. Ladies' position, power, and status are evolving. They are empowered and mindful of their rights. These components alongside instruction, changing qualities and standards, and sex work engage ladies in understanding that they are not second rate compared to men and even at spots more grounded and all the more dominant than men. They are better situated to comprehend this apparent distinction in power. Much has been investigated and given an account of savagery against women but not brutality against men.

 

KEYWORDS: Domestic violence, violence against men, gender,norm, values

 

INTRODUCTION:

Men do report and affirm spousal viciousness in private, yet they barely report it in broad daylight. Brutality against men by ladies is certainly not another phenomenon,and the creator predicts that it will increase with changing force dynamics,economic freedom, and power over economy and assets. Thischange in power elements will likewise influence connections among people, where men fear losing force and ladies are energized by their enabled position. In this specific situation, arranging ''control'' inside people, spouse, wife, and family is imperative for the bigger society. On account of a power lopsidedness, ladies have languished over hundreds of years. This steady change in power will prompt blended society for the larger society, state or take an invert heading, for example, savagery against men by ladies. Ladies' position, power, and status are evolving. They are empowered and mindful of their rights. These components alongside instruction, changing qualities and standards, and sex job enable ladies in understanding that they are not sub-par compared to men and even at spots more grounded and all the more dominant than men. They are better situated to comprehend this apparent contrast in power. Much has been explored and written about brutality against women but not on savagery against men.Individuals are brutal and forceful. Ladies are not a special case to it(Maguire, 2010; Dobash and Dobash, 2004). Research in the field of abusive behavior at home has demonstrated that people demonstrate brutally seeing someone at a similar rate. AMoreover, people are similarly likely to instigate savagery against each other. The fact of the matter is shockingly libertarian: About a portion of all aggressive behavior at home happens with the two accomplices mishandling one another (Corry, Fiebert, and Pizzey, 2002). Murray Straus reports that 25% happens with just men ambushing women,and the other 25% occurs with just women assaulting men.

Aim

• To analyze the awareness of domestic violence against men
• To find out the problems relating to it
• To study various case laws relating to it
• To evaluate various case laws and policies

 

Literature review

The men's rights movement in India is made out of different men's rights associations in India. Defenders of the movement bolster the presentation of sexually impartial enactment and cancelation of laws that they consider are one-sided against men.

 

The movement takes note of a few issues as too gendered or with an inclination against men in India. Men's rights activists guarantee that enemy of share laws in India are regularly being abused to badger and coerce spouses, and credited this to the high suicide rate among wedded men in India, which is twice that of women.They guarantee that the separation and tyke care laws are one-sided against men. As indicated by them, the recurrence of domestic violence against men has expanded as of late, and that numerous cases go unreported as men feel too embarrassed to even think about reporting misuse, or dread fraudulent incriminations against them in response. A few men's rights activists likewise consider assault revealing laws and inappropriate behavior laws in India to be uncalled for to men. The Real Indian men's rights movement was started in 2000 in [Bombay] now Mumbai by Mens Right Activists Rudolph D'souza Popularly known as Rudy to help other fellow victims of psychological abuse perpetrated by wives and false claims of dowry harassment by wives. The movement began as an organization called "Misused dowry Act."

 

Methodology

The present study is based on an empirical type of study. The study uses a random sampling method for selection of samples because the population is too high. A total number of 1566 sample respondents in the age group 18-60 years were selected randomly from Chennai, one of the four metropolitan cities in india. The study used percentage for meaningly analysis of the results of the study.

Analysis

Frequency table

Do you think men und

 

	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid       YES	410	26.3	26.3	26.3
NO	732	47.0	47.0	73.4
MAYBE	414	26.6	26.6	100.0
Total	1556	100.0	100.0

 

Does the legal system fail to protect men against domestic violence?

 

 

	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid       STRONGLY AGREE	183	11.8	11.8	11.8
AGREE	465	29.9	29.9	41.6
NEUTRAL	545	35.0	35.0	76.7
DISAGREE	302	19.4	19.4	96.1
STRONGLY DISAGREE	61	3.9	3.9	100.0
Total	1556	100.0	100.0

 

 

 

 

Age *Do men undergo domesti'c violence against men ? Crosstab

Count

 

		Do you think men und			Total
		YES	NO	MAYBE
Age	BELOW 18	122	152	60	334
	18-25	148	387	119	654
	25-50	129	173	232	534
	40	11	20	3	34
Total		410	732	414	1556

 

 

Chi-Square Tests

 

	Value	df	Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	151.697a	6	.000
Likelihood Ratio	147.437	6	.000
Linear-by-Linear Association	.793	1	.373
N of Valid Cases	1556

 

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.96.

 

In a crosstab between age and the rate people knowing men undergo domestic violence against them, the Pearson Chi-Square value is 0.00, P <0.05. Thus null hypothesis of this among age groups is accepted and the alternate hypothesis of this among public of certain age groups is rejected.

Age * Does the legal system fail to protect men against domestic violence? Crosstab

Total

25-50 40

6 6 282

181 6 571

246 8 466

98 13 203

3 1 34

534 34 1556

 

Do you 2 with the recent supreme court judgment regarding homosexuals in sec 377 of IPC?         Total STRONGLY AGREE   AGREE   NEUTRAL   DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE Age BELOW 18 18-25 125 145 165 219 22 190 5 87 17 13 334 654

Count

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chi-Square Tests

 

	Value	df	Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	572.418a	12	.000
Likelihood Ratio	619.571	12	.000
Linear-by-Linear Association	1.736	1	.188
N of Valid Cases	1556

 

a. 1 cell (5.0%) have expected count of less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.38.

In a crosstab between age and the rate of people knowing men against domestic violence , the Pearson Chi-Square value is 0.00, P <0.05. Thus null hypothesis of this among age groups is accepted and the alternate hypothesis of this among public of certain age groups is rejected.

 

Gender *Do men undergo domestic violence against men ? Crosstab

Count

 

		Do you think men und			Total
		YES	NO	MAYBE
Gender	FEMALE	82	234	156	472
	MALE	312	464	230	1006
	PREFER NOT TO SAY	16	34	28	78
Total		410	732	414	1556

 

Chi-Square Tests

 

	Value	df	Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	39.969a	4	.000
Likelihood Ratio	41.074	4	.000
Linear-by-Linear Association	15.590	1	.000
N of Valid Cases	1556

 

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 20.55.

In a crosstab between gender and the rate people knowing men undergo domestic violence against them, the Pearson Chi-Square value is 0.00, P <0.05. Thus null hypothesis of this among gender group is accepted and the alternate hypothesis of this among public of certain gender groups is rejected.

 

Gender * Does the legal system fail to protect men against domestic violence? Crosstab

 

Does the legal system fail to protect men against domestic violence?       Total STRONGLY AGREE   AGREE   NEUTRAL   DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE Gender FEMALE 77 103 159 117 16 472 MALE 98 321 373 170 44 1006 PREFER NOT TO SAY   8   41   13   15   1   78 Total 183 465 545 302 61 1556

Count

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chi-Square Tests

 

	Value	df	Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	58.540a	8	.000
Likelihood Ratio	58.279	8	.000
Linear-by-Linear Association	2.594	1	.107
N of Valid Cases	1556

 

1. 1 cell (6.7%) has an expected count of less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.06.

 

In a crosstab between gender and the rate of people knowing men against domestic violence , the Pearson Chi-Square value is 0.00, P <0.05. Thus null hypothesis of this among gender groups is accepted and the alternate hypothesis of this among public of certain gender groups is rejected.

 

Educational qualifications *Does the legal system fail to protect men against domestic violence?

Crosstab Count

 

	Do you think men und			Total
	YES	NO	MAYBE
Educational Qualifications HIGHER SECONDARY	131	104	65	300
DIPLOMA	162	293	164	619
UNDER GRADUATION	9	82	68	159
POST GRADUATION	107	239	115	461
OTHER	1	14	2	17
Total	410	732	414	1556

 

Chi-Square Tests

 

	Value	df	Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	101.890a	8	.000
Likelihood Ratio	107.985	8	.000
Linear-by-Linear Association	18.884	1	.000
N of Valid Cases	1556

 

a. 2 cells (13.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.48.

In a crosstab between educational qualifications and the rate people knowing men undergo domestic violence against them, the Pearson Chi-Square value is 0.00, P <0.05. Thus null hypothesis of this among gender groups is accepted and the alternate hypothesis of this among public of certain educational qualifications groups is rejected.

 

Educational qualifications *Does the legal system fail to protect men against domestic violence?

 

Crosstab Count

 

	Does the legal system fail to protect men against domestic violence?					Total
	STRONGL Y AGREE	AGREE	NEUTRAL	DISAGRE E	STRONGL Y DISAGREE
Educational              HIGHER Qualifications           SECONDARY	66	140	25	20	49	300
DIPLOMA	85	122	247	164	1	619
UNDER GRADUATION	10	120	7	19	3	159
POST GRADUATION	15	82	259	98	7	461
OTHER	7	1	7	1	1	17
Total	183	465	545	302	61	1556

 

 

Chi-Square Tests

 

	Value	df	Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	60.334a	4	.000
Likelihood Ratio	53.792	4	.000
Linear-by-Linear Association	16.381	1	.000
N of Valid Cases	1556

 

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 16.19.

In a crosstab between gender and the rate of people knowing men against domestic violence , the Pearson Chi-Square value is 0.00, P <0.05. Thus null hypothesis of this among gender groups is accepted and the alternate hypothesis of this among public of certain gender groups is rejected.

 

Discussion

The bibliographic investigation by Fiebert (2007) has inspected 209 studies (161 exact examinations, 48 audits/investigation of estimated sample size of 201,500) that demonstrate that ladies are physically forceful, in fact,more savage (Dobash and Dobash, 2004; Straus and Gelles, 1990; Morse, 1995;Moffitt, Robins, and Caspi, 2001) than men in their associations with their spouses or male accomplices. Certainly, control relations, sex jobs, standards, values, and socio-social conditions influence and impact articulation of these practices. For quite a long time, it has been delineated in different mythologies,literature, and types of articulations that ladies are second rate and men are superior. So men are incredible, forceful, and oppressors, and women are on the less than desirable end as persecuted and quiet sufferers of all types of viciousness. These thoughts are for the most part guided by sex jobs and standards where ladies can't be brutal, forceful, and harsh as a result of their social positions. Power relations, sex jobs, standards, and qualities are not static,and they change after some time. It is broadly accepted and trusted that women are dependably the people in question and men are dependably the culprits. There are numerous explanations for this presumption that men are never exploited. The thought that men could be casualties of household misuse and savagery is so unthinkable that numerous men don't endeavor to report the viciousness. Acknowledgment of brutality by ladies on men is commonly considered as a risk to men folk,their prevalence and manliness.

 

In spite of the fact that there is no methodical examination or record on aggressive behavior at home against men in India, it is for the most part assessed that in 100 instances of household violence,approximately 40 cases include violence against men. There is minimal evidence available about the genuine number of vicious acts against men and underlying dynamics of savagery. There are different purposes behind under-announcing, but foremost among them are our social framework and qualities connected to men, which prevent them from sharing and revealing aggressive behavior at home and abuse.Even when men report household misuse and savagery, a great many people don't believe them. At the point when men endeavor to portray their issues, torment, struggle,and badgering inside marriage and family, nobody tunes in to them; instead,people snicker at them. Numerous men are embarrassed about discussing and sharing that they are beaten by their spouses (Sarkar, Dsouza, and Dasgupta, 2007). One Needs to comprehend that elements of abusive behavior at home and misuse among men and ladies are unique, and reasons, purposes, and thought processes are regularly altogether different. There are different examinations on elements of brutality against ladies, yet there are restricted investigations on the issue of abusive behavior at home and abuse against men.The think about by Save Family Foundation (Sarkar et al., 2007), which interviewed 1,650 spouses between the ages of 15 and 49 years, selected through arbitrary inspecting utilizing a timetable adjusted from the WHO multi-nation contemplate on husband's wellbeing and aggressive behavior at home, reports that economical violence(32.8%) is normal, followed by emotional violence(22.2%),physical viciousness (25.2%), and sexual savagery (17.7%). The examination shows that the likelihood of savagery expanded altogether with the length of marriage, especially on the off chance that it was over 7 years of age. It additionally indicates that husbands who encountered some type of savagery amid their first year of marriage kept on encountering the equivalent for whatever is left of their lives. It is not something that just leaves. The examination demonstrates that aggressive behavior at home isa general medical problem with extensive wellbeing outcomes, for example, mental illness and push issues, that should be tended to. The examination additionally shows that aggressive behavior at home is executed over every financial class . The examination reports that a high extent of spouses who experienced aggressive behavior at home were accomplished and gaining great money.Men endure and remain in harsh and savage relationships for some reasons. A portion of the reasons ''why men endure abusive behavior at home and abuse'' are the conviction and expectation that things would show signs of improvement, dread of losing social regard and position, insurance, and love toward their youngsters and family. Many mishandled men feel that they need to make their relational unions work.They are worried about the possibility that if things fall separated, they will be blamed.Many manhandled men also trust that it is their blame and feel that they merit the treatment they get. Another reason is expanding financial and other reliance.

 

Numerous men revealed that they are terrified of their spouses and their in-laws. Numerous men are undermined by their in-laws to go about as their wives said. The investigation additionally demonstrates that specific age or have some physical issue. For the most part physical inability in the room happens because of mockery by the spouse. This verbal maltreatment prompts mental torment. Generally,society thinks that ladies can't be verbally or rationally harsh or harass men. Sometimes, it was additionally found and revealed that when things go wrong or when a spouse isn't following what his significant other is demanding,her family and in-laws begin to undermine to accuse him of false cases such as hostile to endowment (498a) or the Domestic Violence Act.

 

The word man is sexual orientation biased,denoting power, inserted with masculine behavior, appearance, and control of feeling (it is commonly trusted that men have less feelings than ladies, albeit no logical proof is available). Usually conviction and discernment that isolates male and female in terms of articulation of their sentiments. It tends to involve disgrace for men to disclose their enduring in a men-overwhelmed society, as it very well may be seen as''feminine conduct.'' If a wedded man unveils his enduring to his companion or his family, he fears forlornness and has dread of loss of man controlled society and divorce from his significant other or commanding conduct of his better half. It likewise has sick impacts on his family and kids and obligation toward them. In view of this,men begin living in trouble and can't uncover their emotions to anybody.Unavailability of a solid emotionally supportive network (directing administrations, institutional support, encouraging line, family bolster, and so forth.) is another factor. Accepting that men are experiencing brutality in all structures and ladies are becoming moderately increasingly amazing, it is vital to comprehend and focus on outcomes of such follows up on individual wellbeing and conduct. It might have distinctive sign in people's wellbeing, for example, physical, psycho-legitimate, social, and financial. In the event that insufficient consideration is given, it might lead to prolonged propensities for liquor addiction, expanded homosexuality, push, frustration,suicide, and so forth. The word brutality is for the most part alluded as far as intellectual interpretation.It essentially identifies with power elements:

 

Male savagery is fundamentally the between pretation of examination of intensity: ''Who is all the more dominant?'' It can be as far as economic empowerment at the dimension of addressing insecurity,who feels more insecure of leaving them. For instance, if a male procures not exactly a female and his significant other begins breaking down the circumstance and feels progressively engaged and powerful, the male creates uncertainty and can even be a casualty of violence thereafter. This is genuine notwithstanding for work: if the work environment is going by active,socially resilient ladies in status, physical heartiness, mental quality, and psychological control.

Suggestions

From the study I suggest that more awareness should be made among the public. The awareness can be given through advertisements, newspapers,magazines etc.More awareness is needed among the public about domestic violence against men and husbands.

 

 

Conclusion

From the study the conclusion is that the overall study is about domestic violence against men in India . As we have there should be more laws and policies should be initiated relating to it ,More awareness on this rights should be given among the public and must teach them the steps to be taken when there is any domestic violence against men.

 

Acknowledgement

I sincerely thank Ms Kalaiselvi k, associate professor for giving me the opportunity to do this research. I also thank my friends and families for helping me in doing the survey conducted for the research.

 

Reference

1. Alvarado, Gina, Ama P. Fenny, Samuel Dakey, Jennifer L. Mueller, Lila O’Brien-Milne, Aba O. Crentsil, Nata Duvvury, Stacey Scriver, and Chloe Schwenke. 2018. “The Health-Related Impacts and Costs of Violence against Women and Girls on Survivors, Households and Communities in Ghana.” Journal of Public Health in Africa 9 (2): 860.
2. Barber, Christopher F. 2008. “Domestic Violence against Men.” Nursing Standard: Official Newspaper of the Royal College of Nursing 22 (51): 35–39.
3. Brem, Meagan J., Ryan C. Shorey, Emily F. Rothman, Jeff R. Temple, and Gregory L. Stuart. 2018. “Trait Jealousy Moderates the Relationship Between Alcohol Problems and Intimate Partner Violence Among Men in Batterer Intervention Programs.” Violence against Women 24 (10): 1132–48.
4. Castro, Vivian Carla de, Leidyani Karina Rissardo, and Lígia Carreira. 2018. “Violence against the Brazilian elderlies: an analysis of hospitalizations.” Revista brasileira de enfermagem 71 Suppl 2: 777–85.
5. Coker, Donna. 2016. “Domestic Violence and Social Justice.” Violence against Women 22 (12): 1426–37.
6. Cook, Philip W. 2009. Abused Men: The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence. ABC-CLIO.
7. “Domestic Violence against Men.” 2016. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 5 (1): 1193–96.
8. Fekih-Romdhane, F., R. Ridha, and M. Cheour. 2018. “[Sexual violence against women in Tunisia].” L’Encephale, October. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2018.07.004.
9. Finn, Jerry. 2000. “Domestic Violence Organizations on the Web.” Violence against Women 6 (1): 80–102.
10. Gage, Alida Novarese, and Suzanne H. Lease. 2018. “An Exploration of the Link Between Masculinity and Endorsement of IPV Myths in American Men.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence, December, 886260518818430.
11. Huecker, Martin R., and William Smock. 2018. “Florida Domestic Violence.” In StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
12. Laroche, Denis. 2008. Context and Consequences of Domestic Violence Against Men and Women in Canada in 2004.
13. Letellier, Patrick, and David Island. 2013. Men Who Beat the Men Who Love Them: Battered Gay Men and Domestic Violence. Routledge.
14. Moore, E. M. 2008. A Call for Injustice: Domestic Violence Against Men. AuthorHouse.
15. Peate, Ian. 2017. “Domestic Violence against Men.” The British Journal of Nursing 26 (6): 309–309.
16. Pongthippat, Weerati, Mehrdad Darvishpour, Jureerat Kijsomporn, and Gunnel Östlund. 2018. “Broken Dreams of a Better Life in Sweden: Thai Women’s Lived Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence by Swedish Men in International Marriages.” Global Health Action 11 (1): 1496889.
17. Sardinha, Lynnmarie, and Héctor E. Nájera Catalán. 2018. “Attitudes towards Domestic Violence in 49 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Gendered Analysis of Prevalence and Country-Level Correlates.” PloS One 13 (10): e0206101.
18. Towns, Alison J., and Gareth Terry. 2014. “‘You’re in That Realm of Unpredictability.’” Violence against Women 20 (8): 1012–36.
19. US Department of Justice; Office of Violence Against Women. 2003. “Attorney General Ashcroft Challenges Men to Take the Pledge to Defeat Domestic Violence.” PsycEXTRA Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/e478722006-001.
20. Volfa, Julija. n.d. “Ministry And Domestic Violence Against Women: Perspectives On Domestic Violence Against Women In Russia And The USA.” https://doi.org/10.2986/tren.035-0100.

 

---

[1] Vinoth H, BA LLB,Saveetha school of law, saveetha university, CHENNAI 77,vinothreddy45@gmail.com 98840441588

[2] Vijaya Dharshini.V, BA LLB, saveetha school of law, saveetha university,CHENNAI 77, vijayadharshini34l@gmail.com 6384800151